Are Faa Inspections Really Good Enough Essays - Aviation Safety

Are Faa Inspections Really Good Enough? ARE FAA INSPECTIONS REALLY GOOD ENOUGH? One hundred and ten people were killed on board ValueJet's flight 592 May 11, 1996. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) failure to correct the problems found in an inspection contributed to this tragic crash (McKenna 59). FAA inspections are contributing to too many deaths on board major airlines. The corruption in the system has lead to many frightening statistics and problems but there are still a lot of improvements for the FAA. The FAA's failure to inspect and report malfunctions caused 26 cases of uncontained disk/spacers. Also 10 cases of uncontained blades, 9 reversers, 9 fires in the undercowl, 6 engine separations, 6 case ruptures and 1 cowl separation. Airworthy planes that fly into terrain are the leading cause of accidents. Pilots do not know where they are going in relation to the ground but the aircraft is under control. It has killed 2,396 people from 1987 to 1996. Statistics show that U.S. carriers are the safest in the world. However the Safer Skies program by NASA predicts by the year 2010 there will be 6 or 7 catastrophic accidents per year if changes are not made soon (Hilkovitch 4). The FAA acquired a reputation as the tombstone agency because it only addresses dangerous scenarios after fatal air disasters occur. General Accounting Office (GAO) found that inspectors often do not write up violations because they are dismissed and proposed fines are set aside by their superiors. FAA inspectors discovered that contractors painting several ValueJet airplanes improperly reinstalled rudders used to steer the plane. AirTran Airlines had falsified documents, improper maintenance, faulty repairs and repeated failures to supervise contractors. Here is an example of an inspection report for AirTran Airlines: -- 3 instances of failing to properly calculate the proper weight and balance of aircraft to determine safe take off and landing speeds. -- A senior pilot who oversees the qualifications of other pilots falsified information about the experience of an unspecified number of them. -- Failure to examine seven planes' transponders, which sends out altitude and directional information to traffic controllers, after the planes receive major overhauls. -- Improperly trained workers renovated an unspecified number of cabins to make way for larger business- class seats and modify the passengers' emergency oxygen system (Associated Press 12). United in Sioux City, US Air in Pittsburgh, ValueJet in the Everglades -- none of those accidents should have occurred if the FAA had its priorities straight,? said Gail Dunham, president of the National Air Disaster Alliance & Foundation. FAA aims to reduce the number of fatal accidents by 80 % over the next ten years. Beginning in June there will be a more thorough FAA inspection of jet engines. Aircraft inspections and the installation of enhanced ground warning system which alert pilots they are about to crash into the ground, mountains or sea are the required safety features for airplanes. Four thousand three hundred aircraft have already started installing the terrain-avoidance warning system (Hilkovitch 4). Improvements that are being made now should make travelers a litter safer in the air. The many deaths of fatal accidents are mostly caused by the dishonest FAA inspectors. These statistics will go down because the problems will be solved and more improvements will be made so there are fewer fatal air crashes. Confidently the FAA is now heading in a more positive direction. Aviation Essays

Capital Punishment Essays (782 words) - Operation Overlord

Capital Punishment Essays (782 words) - Operation Overlord Capital Punishment D-Day D-Day is the most well-known, gruesome day in the history of WWII. Out of the five landings, the landing on Omaha Beach was, by far, the worst for the U.S. and The Allies. Paratroopers who had landed the night before came up behind the Germans and aided the U.S. and The Allies. Eventually they pushed through and invaded Hitlers Europe. Even though D-Day was considered a massacre, the invasion aided the USs ultimate victory. D-Day happened on June 6, 1944. It was one of the darkest days in the history of World War II, not only for the U.S., but also the Allies. D-Day was the invasion of Hitler controlled Europe, and the beginning of the fall of an empire. It consisted of airborne attacks and assaults on five beaches given the code names, Utah, Gold, Juno, Sword and Omaha. With 35,000 troops and 4,404 bombs weighing tow hundred and fifty pounds each, D-Day was called the worlds largest, greatest planned amphibious attack ever. As for the assaults on the beaches, four of the five went pretty well. The Germans did not put up much of a fight and the troops penetrated Europe quite easily. However, down the coastline, a vicious battle was happening and history was being made. The Germans were putting up much more of a fight and the opposing troops were fighting just to stay alive. But with land mines and heavy fire from German machine guns this was not an easy task. Right when the ramp was lowered on the U.S. boats, troops were shot like dogs. Some jumped over the side looking to swim to shore, but the weight of their gear pulled them to the bottom and they drowned. Those who made it to the beach scrambled for any cover that they could find. (Being shelled and shot at they needed a miracle to save them.) That miracle was troops that came from behind. Even though they had the back-up, 41% of the men on Omaha beach were killed. The night before the assaults there were planes flying low and fast over Europe. They werent dropping bombs, they were dropping men. Paratroopers who were to provide back-up for the troops on the beaches were jumping out of the planes and preparing for the next day. Over 2,000 troopers were dropped over various parts of Europe. A paratrooper is basically a soldier who is dropped by parachute into enemy territory. A paratrooper was a walking arsenal. He had everything that he needed to survive. He carried two fragmentation grenades, one smoke grenade, one antitank mine and one antitank Gammon bomb made of plastic explosives. He also had a weapon, either a rifle, carbine, pistol or submachine gun with ammunition. Other gear included a knife, light, razor, spoon, maps, compass, first-aid kit, food, entrenching tool, main and reserve parachutes, gas mask, jump knife, helmet and spare clothing. All of this gear totals up to weighing about 100 pounds, and he jumped with it all on him. Had it not been for these men, the U.S. and Allies probably would have never pushed through at Omaha beach. The troops came up behind the Germans and surprised them, which was a big help to them. By adding to their fighting force the U.S. and the Allies would push through at Omaha into Hitlers Europe. With the beaches cleared and the men on land the U.S. and the Allies finally had a foothold to win the war and bring Hitler from power. Getting inland was a great victory for the U.S. and the Allies, and the beginning of Hitlers road to defeat. After many more months of fighting the U.S. and its Allies would have ultimate victory. Hitler committed suicide, and his rein of terror was over. All concentration camps were evacuated and all seized land was returned. Yet if the U.S. and Allies hadnt pushed through, this process would have been extremely delayed, who knows it may have never happened. D-Day is probably the most well known day in the history of World War II and still burns in the minds of the men who fought on that day. It is a day that should always be remembered. Think about what might

An evaluation of the claim that Rousseau's Social Contract sacrifices Essay - 1

An evaluation of the claim that Rousseau's Social Contract sacrifices the individual to the collective - Essay Example His father got into a quarrel with a French captain, and at the risk of imprisonment, left Geneva for the rest of his life. Rousseau stayed behind and was cared for by an uncle who sent him along with his cousin to study in the village of Bosey. In 1725 Rousseau was apprenticed to an engraver and began to learn the trade. Although he did not detest the work, he thought his master to be violent and tyrannical. He, therefore, left Geneva in 1728 and fled to Annecy. Here he met Louise de Warens who was instrumental in his conversion to Catholicism which forced him to forfeit his Genevan citizenship (in 1754 he would make a return to Geneva and publicly convert back to Calvanism). Rousseau’s relationship to Mme. de Warens lasted for several years and eventually became romantic. During this time he earned money through secretarial, teaching and musical jobs.† (Delaney J. J. â€Å"Jean Jacques Rousseau† Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ... erous rebel, suspected of crime and insanity, and seeing, in his last months, the apotheosis of his enemy—how did it come about that this man, after his death, triumphed over Voltaire, revived religion, transformed education, elevated the morals of France, inspired the Romantic movement and the French Revolution, influenced the philosophy of Kant and Schopenhauer, the plays of Schiller, the novels of Goethe, the poems of Wordsworth, Byron, and Shelly, the socialism of Marx, the ethics of Tolstoy, and altogether, add more effect upon posterity than any other writer or thinker of that eighteenth century in which writers were more influential than they had ever been before? Here, if anywhere, the problem faces us: what is the role of genius in history, of man versus the mass and the state? (Durant, Will & Ariel. 1967. Rousseau and Revolution. Simon and Schuster. New York.3) Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), a philosopher in the eighteenth century French sense, was not what would now be called a â€Å"philosopher†. Nevertheless, he had a powerful influence on philosophy, as on literature and tastes and manners and politics. Whatever may be our opinion of his merits as a thinker, we must recognize his immense importance as a social force. This importance came mainly from his appeal to the heart, and to what, in his day, was called â€Å"sensibility.† He is the father of the Romantic Movement, the initiator of systems of thought which infer non-human facts from human emotions, and the inventor of the political philosophy of pseudo-democratic dictatorships as opposed to traditional absolute monarchies. Ever since his time, those who considered themselves reformers have been divided into two groups, those who followed him and those who followed John Locke, an English

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading response - Essay Example For instance, the word chair – we only of the word chair as the object itself but we cannot make any other significance to the word beyond its own definition â€Å"unless† we combine it with other parts of speech: This chair is mine. Now it makes a lot of sense. In a nutshell, and as a student, it is not enough to simply learn the words of a language but to know the context in which they can be spoken, written or used in any other way possible. Chapter 9 is probably the most crucial and interesting one considering that at the end of day, the purpose of having a language is to send message and express meaning. The central point of this chapter is the duality of an English expression: (1) the sentence construction; (2) the meaning of the sentence construction (132). As mentioned earlier, words do not make any other sense aside from their individual significance in a language unless combined with other parts of speech to create a complete thought and a whole new meaning. I n the same way, in expressing meaning, words should be chosen based on which king of meaning we intend to express: command, request or question. By having this knowledge as a student, I am always being reminded to not only focus on words but on meaning too to ensure clarity of expression. In the initial passages of chapter 10 entitled â€Å"The Link between Language and Culture†, a very strong point has been brought across: â€Å"acquiring the ability to understand the social meaning of an utterance is an important part of learning a language† (175). This is particularly true, most especially for cultures that are heavily rooted from extreme conservatism. Significantly, there is a certain degree of interlocked relationship between language and culture considering that language is basically moulded from the dynamics and general consensus of a particular community. For instance, accent variations tell a lot about a person’s nationality or regional affiliation such that New York residents pronounce the word car differently from residents of Michigan or Boston area for that matter (175). Furthermore, in the context of religious conservatism, there are countries that are very strict when it comes to using certain terminologies such as the world â€Å"Allah† – Muslim for â€Å"God† – which is prevalently agreed to be used only by Muslims. As a student, having knowledge of the social and cultural significance of a certain language will help establish smooth and amicable communication with people of different nationalities, language or culture; it encourages dynamism and flexibility. Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 make tessellated points in so far as the importance of understanding the context in which a language is being spoken and used is concerned. Politeness is substantial for the language learner because the standards of certain virtues like politeness are â€Å"determined by a given culture based on assumptions about what it means to be polite in that society† (194). This point provides a great deal of learning: it allows the language learner to understand the array of differences in which the essence of politeness in a certain language can be carried out or manifested. As a student, this will surely help in ensuring that language

Near field communication (NFC) and its validity as a secure system of Essay

Near field communication (NFC) and its validity as a secure system of data transfer - Essay Example Being a non-contact technology, the NFC is highly advantageous as it does not require establishment of physical electrical contact. As such, in applications such as those requiring the use of cards, there is no need of inserting cards that use NFC into the reader, thus avoiding any problems that may be associated with poor contact. It is important to note that NFC uses inductive-coupling at a license free frequency allocation in the radio spectrum HF portion(Ahson & Ilyas, 2012, p. 33). NFC has a set of standards that govern it thus allowing for connectivity between NFC devices from different manufacturers. Besides creating the contactless environment for NFC interactions, the standards also determine the data transfer rates and the data formats. An NFC connection is simply achieved by bringing two electronic devices together within a close range to allow them to communicate. This eradicates the problem with identification and minimizes the issue with security, allowing for easier exchange of information. The NFC can be used for a variety of applications including in: mobile phones to transfer files from one handset to another; personal computers to link up networks for data transmission; point-of sale machines; turnstiles; parking meters; vending machines; and in other applications in the house or office, such as opening and closing of the garage doors(Finkenzeller, 2010, p. 80). The NFC connections could also be applied in the configuration of the connection between two devices that have wireless connections. Bringing the devices together allows for the initiation of the NFC connection which in turn initiates the set-up procedure. Other long-range wireless devices including the Bluetooth could be configured through communication with the NFC interface(Coskun, et al., 2011). NFC are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attackswhich involve attackers succeeding in interception of the communication

Should Xenotransplantation Be Allowed?

Should Xenotransplantation Be Allowed? Xenotransplants have a long history in modern medicine. In late 1963 and early 1964, a team from Tulane University led by Keith Reemtsma, MD, did kidney transplants from chimpanzees into six patients, and one of them survived for nine months subsequent to the transplant. By 1974, including investigational surgeries performed by Thomas Starzl, MD, of University of Pittsburgh, around 20 patients had received xenotransplants. In this essay, I will examine if xenotransplantation should be allowed. Xenotransplantation is the removal of cells, tissue or organs from one organism and then implanted into another organism (Nuffield, 1996). A xenograft is a surgical graft of tissue between different species. The most liable source of transplantable organs is currently the pig. A modern technique from molecular biology that is now used to alter a donor organ is referred as gene knockout technology. Specific genes are inactivated through this way. Hypothetically, gene knockout technique can eliminate genes for antigens or other factors that induces rejection from animal organs and tissues permanently. Scientists are trying to make the human immune system accept transplants of pig organs by genetic engineering to modify the pig. Research teams are trying to delete specific pig genes or inserting human genes to modify pig cells into a less foreign matter to the immune system by accessible laboratory techniques. The manufacture of transgenic organs is an approach to shield animal organs f rom rejection by humans without need for immunosuppression. With the aid of transgenic technology, genes that can prevent rejection are added. In transgenic modification, either all the animal cells that contain the foreign gene which is incorporated firmly into their genome expressing the protein, or only chosen cells contain these genes due to the presence of promoters that are precise for a single cell type (Levinsky, 1996). There is an increase in number of patients with organ failures but an insufficient supply of organs, creating a gap between organ supply and demand (Uncaged, 1999). Considering that this imbalance has resulted in rising waiting times and number of deaths of patients on waiting lists, xenotransplants should be allowed. (Levinsky, 1996) Other than that, researchers also have studied transplanting animal cells for therapeutic effect. Suzanne Ildstad, who is the director of Institute for Cellular Therapeutics in Louisville, Kentucky does bone-marrow transplantation research. In year 1995, she performed a baboon bone-marrow transplant into Jeff Getty, a man infected with HIV and therefore has AIDS. Bone marrow makes immune system cells. The main aim was to shield Getty from infection by replacing his collapsing immune system with a HIV-proof baboon immune system. Getty is still alive even though the baboon cells functioned for merely two weeks (Agnew, 1999). Besides that, enough animals could be reared to supply sufficient organs and tissue to surmount the current shortage of human organs and tissue for transplantation. Pigs are the considered the liable candidates because they are highly tamed, have large amount of litters, grow rapidly to maturity and their organs are the correct size. They can be bred in sterile environments, and this decreases the chances of transmission of certain pig diseases to humans. Successful xenotransplantation of genetically modified organs and tissue would eradicate the need for the careful matching of the organ or tissue with the recipient, necessary in transplants between human beings in order to lessen rejection by the immune system. This predominantly benefits people who have difficulties finding compatible organs and tissue (Nuffield, 1996). The potential benefits are obvious, but the harm that it also brings cannot be overlooked. The human immune system consists of an intricate network of defense against disease and other foreign substances. When an organ from an animal that is evolutionarily remote is introduced, the human immune system shows a violent response. In hyperacute rejection, antibodies that appear pre-primed to attack tissues of another species convene the complement cascade, a range of proteins in the blood which attacks the interior walls of the transplants blood vessels, causing organ rejection within hours or even minutes. Patients died either due to graft rejection or because of infections resulting from the use of large doses of immunosuppressive drugs (Agnew, 1999). Animal organs may come with unwanted viruses or infectious organisms. The foremost concern involves porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) because they are able to infect human cells in-vitro and cannot be eliminated from the source animals genome. In the more notable research projects, three classes of infectious type C PERVs have displayed its ability of infecting human cells. PERVs can infect both pig and human cell lines. This shows that PERVs is most likely to replicate in pig transplants and human cells in immunosuppressed xenograft recipients. Scientists believe that there is an intolerable threat to public health related with xenotransplantation because of the lack of alternatives to counter risks posed by PERVs (Uncaged, 1999). Moreover, there is a possibility of initiating a human epidemic. Zoonotic infections have the potential to expand beyond the individual and into the public. The likelihood for xenogeneic infections to be transmitted through human populations poses a public health concern. Furthermore, the risk for health care workers who interacts with the xenograft recipient is higher than for the community at large (Uncaged, 1999). Finally, the use of animals as a source of xenotransplant organs will raise an ethical storm. The main concerns of bioethicists and animal-rights advocates are whether humans have the moral right to exploit animal organs to save human lives. The debate is further strengthened when we consider the suffering, exploitation and annihilation of animals (Nuffield, 1996). In conclusion, xenotransplantation can solve the shortage of organ supply, minimise the need for careful matching of the organ or tissue with the recipient and also has therapeutic effect. On the contrary, it might be potentially harmful to patients through infection or rejection. Risks for zoonotic infections that can spread to the community are high and ethical issues such as exploitation of animals would be raised. (1000 words)

Urban Legend of Woodburn Governors Mansion of Dover, Delaware :: Urban Legends Ghost Story

Woodburn Governor's Mansion of Dover, Delaware The story of Woodburn Mansion has been told to residents of Dover, Delaware for many years. A 19-year-old Caucasian male student at the University of Maryland told this particular version of the ghosts of Woodburn Mansion. Now a sophomore architecture major, he grew up in a small town just outside of Dover, where the story of Woodburn is known all too well. The story was first told to him as a young teenager while actually visiting the mansion with his parents. The telling of a ghost story entails more than the text itself. Lighting, environment, tone of voice, and many other factors affect how well a ghost story is told. As one can see by reading the following story, simply reading a ghost story on paper does not have the same effect as hearing it performed by the teller in a fitting atmosphere. The following story was told one night in a dark, shadowy room filled with five or six college guys. The teller used long pauses, emphasis on certain words, and body gestures to make the story all the more believable and chilling. There’s a haunted house in Dover, Delaware called the Governor’s Mansion, where all of the Governors of Delaware have lived. If you go to the house yourself, you might see or experience a couple different ghosts. One evening, a guest to the house passed an old man dressed in old-fashioned clothes while going down the stairs for dinner. Once at the table the guest asked the owners who the person was. The curious owners asked for a description of the man. The description that the visitor sent chills down the spines of the owners, as it was an exact description of the owner’s father who had been dead for many years, and nobody else was in the house. The father had also been known for getting drunk a lot, so to this day he can still be seen drinking any liquor left out in the open. The mansion is also known for being a part of the Underground Railroad, so lots of slaves were always coming and going through the house at night. One night the house got busted an d one of the runaway slaves ran and hid in a big tree in the yard. The slave was up there for a while and was already tired from his journey to the house.

Crime Story I Made

My Crime Story Draft ‘Hope hurry up! ’ Shouted my family from their mum and dad’s bedroom. ‘Come on we’re starting our dinner now! ’ Screamed Jane, ‘I’m coming, just cutting this last piece of fabric,’ I exclaimed. ‘Hope Nidon if you don’t get here now I will throw your food away with your designs. ’ I dropped all of my equipment and sprinted briskly downstairs towards my parent’s bedroom. ‘Sorry, I was just design the next big thing in fashion. Hey, don’t you dare tut Usher you will see in 15 years time I will be rich and famous. Isn’t that right mum? ’ ‘Yes, dear now hurry up we’re all starving. I perched myself onto the cushion on the hard concrete floor and started to eat. After we’d finish eating our food Jane, Crystal and me rushed upstairs to our squashy bedroom before our brothers try and get our stuff (especially my designs. ) ‘Luke, weà ¢â‚¬â„¢re going to see if we can get some vegetables. ’ Mum said from the doorway, Luke was the eldest so he was always in charge when mum and dad left us. Meanwhile, we all go outside and play 40/40 IT. We had such a great time laughing and playing until†¦ Angie shouted ‘Guy, come quick look mum dad I beat! ’ ‘In English please. Laughed Tyson, We all ran towards our parents getting beaten up, Luke tried to make them stop but they didn’t. When we had finished watching the horrific sight we sprinted to them and there on the ground they laid dead, bruised and bleeding. ‘Right, we are going to stay in the house at all times, look after each other and I will be the leader. ’ Luke said and from then on I had always been a housewife and had never been looked after by a parent. ‘Hello, Miss Nidon you have 2 interviews today, one with Will Smith at 2. 40 and the other with Joe Swash at 6. 00.Also, you have a press conference in 10 min utes. ’ Explains Amanda, ‘Yeah yeah I’m not stupid that’s why I’m the best in the business. ’ I reply marching along to my office. When I open the door my designs are all laid out perfectly around my room in there packages, when I go to sit down I land on a whoopee cushion. Slowly, I rotate around the office looking to see who did this. Then I see a luminous pink Primark plimsoll. Suddenly, I relies it’s my niece McKenzie, ‘OUT Kenzie now Auntie Hope has a busy schedule and on it, it doesn’t say playtime with McKenzie McKenna does it? I ask her ‘No, Auntie Hope sorry. ’ She replies and she walks out with her head hanging down. I am no softy so I carry on with my work. All of a sudden Amanda calls me via phone and says ‘PRESS CONFRENCE! ’ I do my hair quickly again and power walk to the lift, down the stairs and outside of HoN HQ. So many questions are thrown at me, but I only answer one and say. à ¢â‚¬ËœHoN will be introducing a new departments Furniture, accessories and books. Thank-you! ’ I bow and do a few posses and run to Cafe Rouge. Inside Cafe Rouge, it’s quiet, warm and smells of sizzling sausages.Only the sounds of rustling newspapers and knifes and forks being used can be heard. Just what I need right now. I sit down and take of my coat waiting for a waiter or waitress. Finally, a waitress comes I ask for a full English breakfast and orange juice. While, I am waiting a musclly, dark skinned and handsome man wearing a dirty overall keeps gazing at me. I try not to look back but I can’t help it, he smiles at me and I smile back chuckling a little. I stop and fiddle with my hair and text my friends Jenny and Kelly about him. I get my food and drink eating and drinking it and leave.The next few days I see him again sitting closer and closer to where I sit. This is not occasionally, it is occurring again and again until he speaks to me and I get his number. Then we meet again this time it’s a date and I am really excited. Everything is going well until†¦ I get a phone call from Angelina Jolie asking for her bright red Jumpsuit. So I have to leave. We keep meeting each other until he asks that one sentence that could change my life forever even though I have everything anybody could ask for money, wealth, fame, fortune and happiness.But one thing is missing and that is L-O-V-E! After he proposed we made marriage plan right away and decided to get married in Paris. On Sunday afternoon, I took a day of work to sort out wedding plans and introduce Jayden Swift to my family and friends. First, I showed him to Jenny and Kelly. We had a wonderful chat together talking about the future and how we met. ‘I first was attracted to her when I saw her beautiful blue, sapphire eyes, Jet Black hair cut at a even length with a fringe and wearing a sensible suit.Because I grew up in such a rough area like Hope I didn’t k now she was famous. ’ ‘Oh, sorry girls I need the toilet,’ says Jayden and then her runs off. Jenny and Kelly grab my arm and pull me towards Kelly’s room. ‘Mrs. Swift you are so stupid! ’ Says Jenny slapping my head, ‘Why him? Yes, he’s attractive but he only wants you for you fame and money! ’ Whispers Kelly, ‘No, you both don’t know what your talking about he loves me and so do I simple. ’ ‘I have had such a bad life up to this day and I’m not going to let you two ruin it for me.If you don’t like him then don’t come. ’ The faint sound of Here Comes the Bride being played softly on the piano is heard. The doors opened and everybody turned the heads to take a look at the bride (ME! ) I smile a gigantic smile showing that I am extremely happy a warm feeling is buzzing inside me as I get closer to Jay and the Priest. Jay grabs my hand and whispers ‘you look amazing. ’ I whisper back’ you’re not bad yourself. ’ Then the priest begins to ask us the questions and bless us. ‘You may now kiss the bride. Says the priest, but Jayden waits and stares at me so I kiss him. The after party was great aswel; it was in Le Brudge. At times I tended to sit out of the fun just to have a few moments wishing my parents were here to see their happy daughter. But, I had to move on and show that I appreciated what was going on now. When the after party had finished, Jay was drunk and he said many rude things to me that I thought, why did I marry him? A few days after our honeymoon in Dubai, I went to work and jay decided to sort out the house. ‘Good Morning Mrs.Swift, you have 6 interviews and 20 meetings and your first meeting is in 2 minutes. ’ Explains Amanda, ‘thank-you and from my after party I brought you some shoulders and a mini box on personalised Thornton’s chocolates. ’ I say giggling lik e a child and I skipped to my office. Today was going so well until the meetings (not the interviews, I liked talking to Arnold Schwinger, Jessica Alba, Messi, Justin Timberlake, Usain Bolt and another fashion designer. ) The day went pass slowly and on my 5th meeting, I had a mine grain and am sore all over. I had to take 7 pills in total today.Taking into consideration, I had a mine grain I left during my 9th meeting in Tokyo and flew back home. It was around 11:00pm and it was pitch black only chinks of lights were flashing as the bulb was broken. As far as I knew I could have been walking into a wall or off a cliff. I had never left this late before and didn’t like it. Tentatively, I stare until my eyes hurt only making out a dark silloute which wasn’t there. I keep walking and turn around to see if someone else is there because I have a feeling I am being followed, so I keep turning around and hearing footsteps every time I didn’t.I ignore it and am nearly at my house until I heard a voice whisper ‘why aren’t you mine. ’ Its breath smelt of whisky and I was frightened. ‘Jayden, it’s not funny why would you do that? ’ I cry ‘I am as frightened as a child having a nightmare and wetting the bed. ’ ‘What are you talking about? I’ve been here and cafe rouge all day. ’ ‘Don’t lie or you’ll be out on the streets. ’ I sob, ‘Ok, it wasn’t me but I thought we should go to dinner with my friend Benji, he’ll be here any minute now. ’ He said. DING DONG DING DONG, the bell rings I go and answer it. ‘HELLO, my beautiful chee chee. Says the man who is apparently Benji and he bows and kisses me on the lips. ‘Hey, don’t kiss me I am married you know. ’ ‘Sorry, you’re just so gorgeous. ’ He chuckles and I go bright red. Jay walks over to him and they both go of and talk together. Af ter a while, we begin to leave and head for Le Gavroche. Benji and Jay order 4 beers each and Benji orders a peri-peri meal, with a side order of frogs legs and snails and so does Jay. I order a French platter and a cocktail. I feel uncomfortable when Benji asks me about my life up to date, I only tell him about me and Jayden.When they’d finished it all cost up to ? 1005. 67. The next day I stay at home with a broken leg and a headache, I broke it by fighting with Jayden and tripping over a saucepan while running down the stairs. But, I said to the nurse ‘I fell down the stairs. ’ Today I’ve been thinking I don’t need to work anymore if I’m with Jay, I only worked to keep myself occupied and to prove my brothers wrong. Now, that I am the 3rd richest woman in the world I AM SAFE! ‘Hey Jay, I’m going to quit my job,’ I say hopping he will say yes, but it goes the other way. WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU, DO YOU KNOW THAT WE’ LL HAVE TO LIVE ON THE STREETS! ’ He yells, ‘NO WE DON’T, I WILL STILL MAKE DESIGNS AND GET PAID BUT I WON’T GO BACK TO HoN HQ! ’ I scream, ‘WE NEED MONEY, TO SURVIVE AND BE†¦,’ he goes into a whisper and starts mumbling. ‘Yeah, that’s what I thought you married me and I was always the rich and famous one. ’ ‘No, you weren’t you were poorer than I was before and after your parent’s died. Until, 9 years ago. ’ He laughs, I wobble and feel dizzy, I shut my eyes and open it jay gets blurry and then it goes black.I wake up the next day feeling very numb, I am laid in the spare room and have a blank and my snuggie over me. A glass of water is beside my bed and a homemade cookie which say sorry drawn with chocolate icing. I giggle and giggle until I got hiccups, ‘morning sweetcakesorrychocolatebaker. ’ I say hiccupping between each word, ‘I’m sweetcakesorrychocolate baker? I am sorry about what happened yesterday I Just wanted us to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and he fades off again, ‘its ok I forgave you yesterday when I passed out. ’ ‘Your sister Jane has invited us to her come dine with me dinner and asked if we could come. He said excitedly, ‘O-K L-E-T-S G-O! ’ so, I jump out of bed, have a shower and watch TV and make designs until its 6. 00pm. Jay rings the bell vigorously like a little child begging for a toy. ‘ALRIGHT WERE IN, god sake, SUCH A EAGER BEAVER! ’ Shouts a voice which sounds like a male’s voice. The door opens and standing in front of me is Jane’s husband Harry Dotter, ‘good- evening Harry Potter I need to see Dumbledore. ’ I say bowing and Harry laughs sarcastically. Jayden and I walk hand in hand toward Jane and her kids. ‘Ah, so nice to see you Mr. nd Mrs. Swift. ’ We sit down and talk until the rest of my lazy family arrives. Then we all tuck in a nd make remarks and jokes, it reminds me of the old times but not as enjoyable. Especially with the children around, (new generations. ) ‘You are one of the luckiest men around to have little Hope as your wife, she has always been loved by other men and boys. Once John Elderly asked her out and she said I rather go out with a pig than you. ’ Luke remarks and everyone laughs, until the power cut†¦ ‘Oh darn the lights are out again this street is so rubbish. Mumbles Harry, ‘Jay hold my hand. ’ I cry ‘ok. ’ He whispers faintly. We wait 5 minutes eating our food in the dark and hoping that harry will hurry up. When the lights come on, we all jump and cheer. I kiss Jay and then relies we should separate our hands. I ask him questions and he doesn’t answer I turn to look at him and then I see a sliver, gleaming blade plunged into his heart imprinted he wasn’t worthy and a puddle of blood beneath my feet. (www. toptable. co. u k/details. cfm/qs/rid|267/refid|visit/)

How to Find the Mean of a Set of Numbers Formula and Examples

How to Find the Mean of a Set of Numbers Formula and Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking the SAT or ACT and want to make sure you know how to work with data sets? Or maybe you’re looking to refresh your memory for a high school or college math class. Whatever the case, it’s important you know how to find the mean of a data set. We'll explain what the mean is used for in math, how to calculate the mean, and what problems about the mean can look like. What Is a Mean and What Is It Used For? The mean, or arithmetic mean, is the average value of a set of numbers. More specifically, it's the measure of a "central" or typical tendency in a given set of data. Mean- often simply called the "average"- is a term used in statistics and data analysis. In addition, it's not unusual to hear the words "mean" or "average" used with the terms "mode," "median," and "range," which are other methods of calculating the patterns and common values in data sets. Briefly, here are the definitions of these terms: Mode- the value that appears most frequently in a data set Median- the middle value of a data set (when arranged from lowest value to highest) Range- the difference between the highest and smallest values in a data set So what is the purpose of the mean exactly? If you have a data set with a wide range of numbers, knowing the mean can give you a general sense of how these numbers could essentially be put together into a single representative value. For example, if you’re a high school student getting ready to take the SAT, you might be interested to know the current mean SAT score. Knowing the mean score gives you a rough idea of how most students taking the SAT tend to score on it. How to Find the Mean: Overview To find the arithmetic mean of a data set, all you need to do is add up all the numbers in the data set and then divide the sum by the total number of values. Let’s look at an example. Say you’re given the following set of data: $$6, 10, 3, 27, 19, 2, 5, 14$$ To find the mean, you’ll first need to add up all the values in the data set like this: $$6 + 10 + 3 + 27 + 19 + 2 + 5 + 14$$ Note that you don’t need to rearrange the values here (though you may if you wish to) and can simply add them in the order in which they’ve been presented to you. Next, write down the sum of all the values: $$6 + 10 + 3 + 27 + 19 + 2 + 5 + 14 = \bo86$$ The last step is to take this sum (86) and divide it by the number of values in the data set. Because there are eight different values (6, 10, 3, 27, 19, 2, 5, 14), we'll be dividing 86 by 8: $$86 / 8 = 10.75$$ The mean, or average, for this set of data is 10.75. How to Calculate a Mean: Practice Questions Now that you know how to find the average- in other words,how to calculate the mean of a given set of data- it’s time to test what you’ve learned. In this section, we'll give you four math questions that involve finding or using the mean. The first two questions are our own, whereas the second two are official SAT/ACT questions; as such, these two will require a little bit more thought. Scroll past the questions for the answers and answer explanations. Practice Question 1 Find the mean of the following set of numbers: 5, 26, 9, 14, 49, 31, 109, 5. Practice Question 2 You are given the following list of numbers: 4, 4, 2, , 6, $X$, 1, 3, 2. The arithmetic mean is 4. What is the value of $X$? Practice Question 3 The list of numbers 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 has a median of 25. The mode of the list of numbers is 15. To the nearest whole number, what is the mean of the list? 20 25 26 27 30 Source: 2018-19 Official ACT Practice Test Practice Question 4 At a primate reserve, the mean age of all the male primates is 15 years, and the mean age of all female primates is 19 years. Which of the following must be true about the mean age $m$ of the combined group of male and female primates at the primate reserve? $m = 17$ $m 17$ $m 17$ $15 m 19$ Source: The College Board How to Find the Average: Answers + Explanations Once you’vetried out the four practice questions above, it’s time to compare your answers and see whether you understand not just how to find the mean of data but also how to use what you know about the mean to more effectively approach any math questions that deal with averages. Here are the answers to the four practice questions above: Practice Question 1: 31 Practice Question 2: 3 Practice Question 3: C. 26 Practice Question 4: D. $15 m 19$ Keep reading to see the answer explanation for each question. Practice Question 1 Answer Explanation Find the mean of the following set of numbers: 5, 26, 9, 14, 49, 31, 109, 5. This is a straightforward question that simply asks you to calculate the arithmetic mean of a given data set. First, add up all the numbers in the data set (remember that you don’t need toarrangethem in order from lowest to highest- only do this if you’re trying to find the median): $$5 + 26 + 9 + 14 + 49 + 31 + 109 + 5 = \bo248$$ Next, take this sum and divide it by the number of values in the data set.Here, there are eight total values, so we'll divide 248 by 8: $$248 / 8 = 31$$ The mean and correct answer is 31. Practice Question 2 Answer Explanation You are given the following list of numbers: 4, 4, 2, , 6, $X$, 1, 3, 2. The arithmetic mean is 4. What is the value of $X$? For this question, you’re essentially working backward: you already know the mean and now must use this knowledge to help you solve for the missing value, $X$, in the data set. Recall that to find the mean, you add up all the numbers in a set and then divide the sum by the total number of values. Since we know the mean is 4, we’ll start by multiplying 4 by the number of values (there are nine separate numbers here, including $X$): $$4 * 9 = 36$$ This gives us the sum of the data set (36). Now, the question becomes an algebra problem, in which all we need to do is simplify and solve for $X$: $$4 + 4 + 2 + + 6 + X + 1 + 3 + 2 = 36$$ $$33 + X = 36$$ $$X = 3$$ The correct answer is 3. Practice makes perfect! Practice Question 3 Answer Explanation The list of numbers 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 has a median of 25. The mode of the list of numbers is 15. To the nearest whole number, what is the mean of the list? 20 25 26 27 30 This tricky-looking math problem comes from an official ACT practice test, so you can expect it to be a little less direct than your typical arithmetic mean problem. Here, we’re given a data set with two unknown values: 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 We’re also given two critical pieces of information: The mode is 15 The median is 25 To solve for the mean of this data set, we will need to use all the information we’ve been given and will also need to know what the mode and median are. As a reminder, the mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, while the median is the middle value in a data set (when all values have been arranged from lowest to highest). Since the mode is 15, this must mean that the value 15 appears at least twice in the data set (in other words, more times than any other value appears). As a result, we can say replace either $X$ or $Y$ with 15: $$41, 35, 30, X, 15, 15$$ We’re also told that the median is 25. To find the median, you must first rearrangethe data set in order from lowest value to highest value. Sincethe median is more than 15 but less than 30, we should put $\bi X$ between these two values. Here’s what we get when we rearrange our values from lowest to highest: $$15, 15, X, 30, 35, 41$$ There are six values in total, (including $X$) meaning that the median will be the number exactly halfway between the third and fourth values in the data set.In short,25 (the median) must come halfway between $X$ and 30. This means that $X$ must equal 20, since that would put it 5 away from 20 and 5 away from 30 (or halfway between the two values). We now have a complete data set with no unknown values: $$15, 15, 20, 30, 35, 41$$ All we have to do now is use these values to solve for the mean. Start by adding them all up: $$15 + 15 + 20 + 30 + 35 + 41 = 156$$ Finally, divide the sum by the number of values in the data set (that’s six): $$156 / 6 = 26$$ The correct answer is C. 26. Practice Question 4 Answer Explanation At a primate reserve, the mean age of all the male primates is 15 years, and the mean age of all female primates is 19 years. Which of the following must be true about the mean age $m$ of the combined group of male and female primates at the primate reserve? $m = 17$ $m 17$ $m 17$ $15 m 19$ This practice problem is an official SAT Math practice question from the College Board website. For this math question, you’re not expected to solve for the mean but must instead use what you know about two means to explain what the mean of the larger group could be. Specifically, we're being asked how we can use these two means to express, in algebraic terms, the mean age ($\bi m$) forbothmale and female primates. Here’s what we know: first, the mean age of all male primates is 15 years. Secondly, the mean age of all female primates is 19 years.This means that, in general,the female primates are older than the male primates. Since the mean age for male primates (15) is lower than that for female primates (19), we know that the mean age for both groups cannot logically exceed 19 years. Similarly, because the mean age for female primates is greater than that for male primates, we know that the mean age for both cannot logically fall below 15 years. We are therefore left with the understanding that the mean age for the male and female primates together must be greater than 15 years (the mean age of the males) but also less than 19 years (the mean age of the females). This rationale can be written as the following inequality: $$15 m 19$$ The correct answer is D. 15 $\bi m$ 19. What’s Next? Tolearn even more about data sets,look at our guide to the best strategies for mean, median, and mode on SAT Math. Taking the SAT or ACT soon? Then you'll definitely want to know what kind of math you're going to be tested on. Check out our in-depth guides to the SAT Math section and the ACT Math sectionto get started. What are the most important math formulas to know for the SAT and ACT?Get an overview of the 28 critical SAT formulas and the 31 critical ACT formulasyou should know.

Free Essays on What Caused The Great Depression

America's Great Depression What Caused this Great Depression? The Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other Interventions can save capitalism from itself. Among the many myths surrounding the Great Depression are that Herbert Hoover was a laissez faire president and that FDR brought us out of the depression. What caused the Great Depression? To get a handle on that, it's necessary to look at previous depressions and compare. The Great Depression was by no means the first depression this country ever had, but it was clearly the worst. What made it different than the rest? At the time of the Great Depression, government intervention in the economy was higher than it had ever been and a special government agency had been set up specifically to prevent depressions and their associated problems, such as bank panics. This agency was the Federal Reserve Board and it was to have been the loaner of last resorts for banks in order to prevent collapses as had happened during earlier depressions. But as America sees, there is good reason to believe that the Federal actions explain many of the problems that lead up to the stock market crash and the subsequent depression. Although there are many macroeconomics schools of thought, this paper will be concentrating on two initially, Keynesian economics and Austrian School economics. Keynesian economics got its start during the Great Depression with the publication in 1936 of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes. Austrian School economics began much Earlier, most notably with the publication in 1871 of Carl Menger's Principles of Economics. While the Austrian theory has never been mainstream (economist Paul Krugman refers to it as the economic... Free Essays on What Caused The Great Depression Free Essays on What Caused The Great Depression America's Great Depression What Caused this Great Depression? The Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other Interventions can save capitalism from itself. Among the many myths surrounding the Great Depression are that Herbert Hoover was a laissez faire president and that FDR brought us out of the depression. What caused the Great Depression? To get a handle on that, it's necessary to look at previous depressions and compare. The Great Depression was by no means the first depression this country ever had, but it was clearly the worst. What made it different than the rest? At the time of the Great Depression, government intervention in the economy was higher than it had ever been and a special government agency had been set up specifically to prevent depressions and their associated problems, such as bank panics. This agency was the Federal Reserve Board and it was to have been the loaner of last resorts for banks in order to prevent collapses as had happened during earlier depressions. But as America sees, there is good reason to believe that the Federal actions explain many of the problems that lead up to the stock market crash and the subsequent depression. Although there are many macroeconomics schools of thought, this paper will be concentrating on two initially, Keynesian economics and Austrian School economics. Keynesian economics got its start during the Great Depression with the publication in 1936 of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes. Austrian School economics began much Earlier, most notably with the publication in 1871 of Carl Menger's Principles of Economics. While the Austrian theory has never been mainstream (economist Paul Krugman refers to it as the economic...

Undertake a review of the current literature to identify the key

Undertake a of the current to identify the key determinants of capital structure since the global financial crisis - Literature review Example Undertake a review of the current literature to identify the key determinants of capital structure since the global financial crisis It is duly considered to be an important aspect and every organisation is required to consider it in order to make sure that the operations are conducted in an efficient manner. Moreover, Miller (2003) signified that capital structure impose direct impact in the mission and also in the operations of an organisation. A proper assessment and maintenance of capital will eventually facilitate in managing the financial operations of an organisation effectively (Miller, 2003). With this concern, this paper intends to discuss about identifying the major determinants of the capital structure impacting business organisations since the worldwide financial crisis. Literature Review Capital Structure is an Important Facilitator for Financial Decisions According to Baker & Wurgler (2002), capital structure plays a decisive role in making effective financial decisions. The authors affirmed that management of business organisations utilise capital structure in making better exploitation of accessib le financial recourses. It also assists in having a proper assessment and estimating their shares in the business markets. Additionally, the management with the assistance of capital structure is capable to determine the quantity of leverage that it possesses in the marketplace and also in comparison with other organisations. (Mahmud & et. al., 2009; Baker & Wurgler, 2002). Baker & Martin (2011) noted that capital structure is an important instrument of making effective decisions in relation to various significant aspects that include dividend decisions, management decision making along with financial decisions among others. According to Baker & Martin (2011), three important theories of capital structure encompass the ‘market timing theory’, the ‘trade-off theory’ and the ‘pecking order theory’. In this regard, the ‘trade-off theory’ is a model on the basis of which tax benefits and liabilities are calculated to maintain a stable balance of financial considerations of business organisations. The ‘pecking order theory’ provides important and valuable information, aiding in identifying problems, so that the management of organisations can adopt appropriate measures to mitigate such problems. The ‘market timing theory’ is a model, which assists management of business organisations in ascertaining the appropriate time of issuing shares in the market. In this regard, Baker & Martin (2011) have also implied that management of business organisations with the assistance of these theories will be facilitated with the opportunity of making effective investment decisions and attaining superior competitive position (Baker & Martin, 2011; Laugi & Sorin, 2009). Determinants of Capital Structure since the Global Financial Crisis According to Bauer (2004), the capital structure of business organisations mainly comprise various vital factors such as size, tangibility, profitability, industry classif ication, tax and growth opportunity among others. It can be affirmed that these vital factors associated with the notion of capital structure impose considerable impact upon the financial transactions along with the operations of an organisation in an immerse manner. Additionally, the

An analysis 3 coffee companies who operate in this industry Essay

An analysis 3 coffee companies who operate in this industry - Essay Example Every year 500 billion coffee cups are consumed amongst which 14 billion cups are Italian espresso. It is a fact that beside several flavours of coffee, there are two types of coffee beans in the world known as Robusta and Arabica. Therefore, coffee shops are among fastest growing niches in the business world. Most of the coffee production is undertaken in developing countries as it is a labour intensive work (Business Insider, 2011). These countries include Brazil, Columbia and Vietnam. It is found that Finland has a high consumption per capita of coffee. PESTLE analysis of coffee industry Political – there is influence of politics on coffee production as it is majorly produced in developing countries. The political condition there is highly volatile which could affect the coffee industry. Economic – it is to mention here that Brazil is having strong influence over coffee industry as Brazil is a major coffee producer. Any affect in the economy affects the entire indust ry. Social – social aspects of coffee and increasing awareness for coffee and its issues results in more social pressure on industry. Therefore, it can be said that social factor can influence the coffee industry. Technological – there is increased demand in variety of coffee products and freshness is also a concern of consumers. With technological advancements, industry effectively caters the needs and requirements of consumers. Technological factor also affects coffee industry. Legal – legal issues affects the industry in a way as there is increased focus on ethical and legal requirements of business. Environmental –it is to mention here that environmental factor is important in the process of coffee production. Therefore for optimum level of operations environment should be under standard needs of coffee production. Profile of three companies in coffee industry Starbucks (Industry Leader) Starbucks Corporation is among the premier coffee roasters, spec ialty coffee and marketer of coffee. It is to mention here that Starbucks operates in more than 55 countries across the globe. It is present in North America, European Middle East Africa, Latin America and Asia. There are approximately 149,000 employees in Starbucks Corporation. It is headquartered in Seattle Washington. Net revenues generated by Starbucks Corporation at the end of fiscal year 2012 were USD 13.3 billion as compared to USD 11.7 billion in 2011. Comparable store growth in 2012 was 7 percent. Operating income earned by the company was USD 1997 million with operating margin of 15% (Starbucks, 2013). Costa Limited (Emerging Company) Costa Coffee is entirely owned subsidiary of Whitbread. Costa Limited is involved in operation of coffee shops chain. There is a wide variety of coffee products that the company offers and it includes coffee, coffee beans, coffee bars, hot chocolate drinks along with various other food products that includes sandwiches, paninis, fruits and yo ghurt, scones, muffins and toasties and wraps. Costa coffee majorly operates in Europe, Asia and Middle East. It employs approximately 8,200 employees and it is headquartered in Dunstable, United Kingdom. In the fiscal year which ended in March 2012, the company recorded revenues of approximately USD 865.3 million as compared to revenues generated by the business in 2012 of approximately USD 678.7 million in 2011. Among its revenues the profit generated by the company